Male violence is decreased by a chemical signal found in human female tears.
Social chemosignals found in rodent tears have a variety of functions, one of which is to inhibit male aggression.
A chemosignal that decreases male testosterone is also found in human tears, albeit its behavioural importance is unknown. We investigated the theory that human tears, like rat tears, prevent male aggression as lower testosterone is linked to less aggressive behaviour.
We discovered that inhaling emotional tears without odour perception decreased human male hostility by 43.7% using a typical behavioural paradigm. We irrigated 62 human olfactory receptors in vitro in order to investigate the peripheral brain substrates of this interaction. Four receptors were found to react to this stimulation in a dose-dependent way.
Lastly, we conducted the experiment in conjunction with functional brain imaging to investigate the central brain underpinnings of this effect. It was discovered that sniffing tears lowered total levels of brain activity in aggression by increasing functional connection between the neural substrates of olfaction and aggression.
All of our findings suggest that, similar to what happens in rodents, a human tear-bound chemosignal reduces male aggression. This process most likely depends on the anatomical and functional overlap between the olfactory and aggressive brain substrates.
We propose that tears represent a mechanism common to all mammals that act as a chemical shield against assault.
According to a recent study, substances found in women's tears dramatically lessen men's anger. The study used a two-person game to incite aggressive behaviour in men that unintentionally inhaled saline or female tears. It expands upon established effects in rodents.
The outcomes demonstrated a sharp 40% reduction in violent behaviour following the tears' exposure, as well as a comparable decline in activity in the brain in areas of the brain linked to aggression. This study casts doubt on the idea that emotional tears are a characteristic that only humans possess in addition to confirming the existence of social chemosignaling in humans.
Men's violent behaviour decreased by 40% when they were among women's cries.
Men who smelt women's tears showed less activity in brain areas linked to violence.
The study shows that social chemosignaling influences human aggression in a way that is consistent with results in animal.
According to recent research, which was published on December 21 in the open access journal PLOS Biology, women's tears contain molecules that prevent men from becoming aggressive. According to a study by Shani Agron at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, sniffing tears reduces aggressive brain activity, which in turn causes less violent behaviour.
When rats scent female tears, it is believed to prevent male aggression. This is a case of social chemosignaling, a widespread phenomenon in animals but less so in humans due to a lack of understanding. Researchers exposed a group of males to either women's emotional tears or saline while they played a two-person game to see if tears had the same effect on people.
The guys were persuaded to feel that the other player was cheating, and the game was designed to provoke aggressive behaviour against them. If the guys had the chance, they may make the other player lose money as payback for their actions. The males could not detect any difference in smell between the saline and the tears because they had no idea what they were sniffing.
When the men smelled the women's emotional tears throughout the game, their violent, revenge-seeking behaviour decreased by more than 40%.
The prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, two brain regions linked to aggression, were seen to be more active when the men were provoked during the game, but not in the same circumstances while they were smelling the tears, according to functional imaging conducted under an MRI scanner. The more this brain activity varied from one another during the game, the less frequently the participant exacted revenge.
This connection between brain activity, tears, and violent behaviour suggests that social chemosignaling plays a role in human aggression rather than being merely an animal curiosity.
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