In India, Two types of aquaculture are practiced. These are Fresh water aquaculture and brackish water aquaculture. Freshwater aquaculture involves the breeding of freshwater fish like carp, catla, rohu, magur, freshwater prawn, freshwater pearl culture and ornamental fish farming. Catla is grown in tanks and reservoirs in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Brackish water aquaculture involves breeding of fish that habitat the sea like sea bass, grey mullet, tiger shrimp and mud crabs. It is practiced in States like West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Goa. Fish farmers use a mixture of oil cakes, rice bran, locally available snail, clam or mussel meat and buffalo meat to feed the fish.
The farmer should monitor the level of water hardness, acidity/ alkalinity, contaminants, industrial chemicals and pesticides in the water. He should also see that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the water for the survival of aquatic life. Common chemicals used in aquaculture are EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) disodium salt for removing water hardness, sodium nitrate for algae formation, ammonium chloride for boosting water fertility and formaldehyde, a bactericide.
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