Haryana state was formed on 1stNovember 1966. The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing Punjab, India and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people.
History and Geography of Haryana:
As already mentioned, the state has a very rich history, which is indicated by the fact that it was a part of the Korea region during the Mahabharata and the name Haryana finds mention in the writings which date back to 12th Century A.D.
The epic war of Mahabharata was fought on the field of Kurukshetra which is an important part of the present day Haryana.
The state lies near the northern end of the Aravalli hills, the oldest fold mountains in India. Rocky ridges and isolated hills are easily visible in various parts of Haryana like Gurgaon Palwal etc.
Haryana is surrounded by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in the north and shares border with Rajasthan in west and south. The eastern border of Haryana with Uttarakhand is defined by the Yamuna River which cuts it across.
The history of Haryana is quite old and dates back to the Indus Valley Civilizations and the Mahabharata.
Many scholars are of the belief that the name Haryana has been derived from two Sanskrit Words, Hari (God) and Aranya (forest).
A village named Rakhigarhi located in Hisar district in the state is a site which is more than 5000 years old.
Capital& Major Cities:
Chandigarh
- Faridabad,
- Hisar,
- Gurgaon,
- Panipat,
- Karnal,
- Rohtak,
- Kurukshetra
Formed On 1 November 1966 The Punjabi Shaba movement wanted a separate state for Punjabi-speaking people in the erstwhile East Punjab. This movement started in the 1950s resulted in the formation of Punjabi-majority Punjab state, the Hindi-majority Haryana state and the Union Territory of Chandigarh on 1 November 1966.
Districts :22
Language: Hindi
Known as/For Milk Pail of India
Kurukshetra (war place cited in Mahabharata) is in the state of Haryana.
Physical Characteristics :Haryana has four main geographical features:
The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state
The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest.
The Aravali Range in the south
Natural Vegetation :Tropical thorn
Major Rivers :
- Yamuna flowing from Kalinda Parbat in Uttarakhand meets Ganga (Triveni Sangam – the Ganga, Yamuna and the invisible Saraswati river) at Allahabad
- Ghaggar-Hakra flowing from Sivalik Hills in Himachal Pradesh to Ottu in Haryana.
Major Regional Festivals :
- Baisakhi
- Gangore
- Lohri
- Gugga Naumi
Major Art:
Forms Saang dance
Khoria dance,
Dhamal dance
Ghoomar dance.
Industry Handloom
Electrical Appliances
Automobiles
IT
Minerals Iron
AGRICULTURE :
- Sugarcane
- oilseeds
- rice
- groundnuts
- maize
- wheat
Geographical indications :Phulkari (Punjab, Haryana & Rajasthan)
State Animal :Blackbuck
State Bird :Black francolin
State Flower :Lotus
State Tree :Peepal
Important Historical Sites:
Brahma Sarovar – an ancient water tank sacred to Hinduism in Thanesar
Jyotisar – a town in the Kurukshetra district where Krishna delivered the Bhagavad Gita to Arjuna.
Bhishma Kund – After his fall Bhisma requested the assembled Kauravas and Pandavas for water to quench his thirst. Kauravas offered him cool water which he denied to drink. Arjuna soon understood the willingness of his great grandfather. He pierced the ground by an arrow called Parjanyastra. Bhisma thus quenched his thirst by the water that gushed out in consequence. The spot where Arjuna’s arrow struck into the ground is called Bhisma Kunda
.
World Heritage Sites :—Ramsar Sites
Biodiversity Hotspots —
Bird Sanctuaries :
- Bhindawas WS,
- Khaparwas WS
National Parks :
- Kalesar NP
- Sultanpur NP
Biosphere Reserve —
Wildlife Sanctuaries :
- Abubshahar WS
- Bhindawas WS
- Bir Shikargarh WS
- Chhilchila WS
- Kalesar WS
- Khaparwas WS
- Khol-Hi-Raitan WS
- Nahar WS
Haryana is a state which is completely landlocked, bordered by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in the north, Rajasthan in the west and the south and Uttarakhand in the south.
Although it lies at the end of the Aravalli hills, most of the Haryana is plain baring few areas like Gurgaon which shows
isolated hills and ridges. It is located between latitudes 27°39' to 30°35' N and between longitude 74°28' and 77°36' E. The altitude of Haryana is variable and lies between the ranges of 700 to 3600 feet above the sea level.
There are four distinct geographical features in Haryana which are:
- Yamuna-Ghaggar plain
- Shivalik Hills to the northeast
- Plains to the southwest
- Aravalli mountain in the south
Due to extensive irrigation system of the state, Haryana has emerged as the leading producer of crops in the country, and agriculture remains the primary occupation for the majority of the residents of the state.
There are a wide variety of fauna found in the state which include mammals like monkeys, cats, leopard in few regions, common mongoose, jackals, Indian fox, neelgai and blackbuck.
The forests of Morni Hills and Aravalli Hills region have Wild Boars. Elephants can also be seen in the Kalesar Forest. Greylag goose, Teal, Bar headed goose, Brahminy duck and common Shelduck are some of the variety of birds that are seen in Haryana.
Variety of scavenger and predator birds like vultures, black kite, tawny eagle, king vulture and greater spotted eagle are seen in the jungles and the plains in
Haryana
Many colorful birds including Coppersmith Barbet, Asian Koel, White Ibis and Lapwings are seen in the state. Apart from birds, snakes, lizards, frogs and various varieties of fish are found in Haryana.CLIMATE:
Haryana experiences a tropical climate and is similar to other states that lie in the northern plains. The summers are extremely hot and the temperature sometime soars up to 45 degree Celsius. The hottest months of the year in Haryana are May, June and July. From August onwards, the state receivemoderate rainfall in Shivalik region receiving maximum rainfall and Araval iregion receiving the lowest.
The winter sets in the month of December and gets as cool as 4-5 Degree Celsius in January. Most of the rainfall occurs in the month of July, August and September sometimes cause minor local floods.
There are many rivers that flow through Haryana. Most of the rivers that flow in the state come from the Himalayas. These rivers have been instrumental in pushing the agriculture in Haryana. Many of these rivers are seasonal and few of them are perennial.
ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM:
Haryana like any other state in India has Governor as the head of state.
Governor is appointed by the President of India and is largely a ceremonial post. The governor appoints the chief minister depending on the majority. The chief minister is the elected head of members of the legislature and executes the legislative powers and handle the affairs of the state. The tenure of the chief minister is 5 years or till the time he or she enjoys the majority in the houses of the state assembly.
Haryana has been divided into 90 constituencies dependingon the population of the area. Different activities in Haryana are handled by different departments like law and order, agriculture, industry, electricity and many more. On the political level, these departments are headed by the respective cabinet minister and Minister of states and on the executive level,the chief secretary heads the department. The chief secretary is accountable to the ministers and the chief minister and report to them. The decentralisation of the government ensures that all the departments are handled efficiently and smoothly
There are 22 Districts in Haryana which has District Collector as the head of the district and Superintendent of Police as the head of the police force.
Major Cities of Haryana:
Gurgaon:
The millennial city is the economic heart of Haryana and has made a huge impact on the economy of the state.
Chandigarh:
The capital of the state is shared with neighbouring state of Punjab, and is easily one of the most developed and well planned cities in the country.
Panchkula:
The satellite city of Chandigarh, plans are already in motion to make this city even better connected with the capital. It gets the name from the fact the five of the major canals that irrigate the lands of Haryana meet here.
Kurukshetra:
The site to the epic battle of Mahabharata, Kurukshetra is mostly a pilgrim spot that is most famous for being the spot where Lord Krishna gave the famous sermon to Arjuna, and disclosed the secrets of the Bhagwad Gita to him.
There are a number of cities in the state that are a delight to visit and offer you a taste of the real Haryana. Some of them are:
- Panipat
- Ambala
- Hisar
- Faridabad
- Karnal
- Pinjore
- Sonipat.
The present day Haryana is a fast developing state and has been a major contributor to the green revolution in India.
. Haryana has also produced many athletes who have won laurels for India in various games including Asian games, Commonwealth games and the Olympics.
The economy of Haryana is driven basically by the software industry,Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), automobile industry, agriculture and retail.
Primarily an agricultural state, Haryana has quickly developed a world-class infrastructure, and has attracted attention as well as investment from the public as well as the private sector.
Many companies have set up manufacturing plants in Haryana, the most notable being Maruti Udyog Ltd, Hero, Sony and Alcatel. In addition to these renowned names, Haryana also boasts off a substantial number of small-scale industries. As many as 80,000 small manufacturing plants operate in Haryana,and produce everything from sanitary ware to scientific instruments.
Major Manufacturing industries produce cars, tractors and motorcycles. Combined,this manufacturing industry accounts for a sizeable chunk of the state's gross earning.
The rapid development of Gurgaon also marks the rise of service industry in Haryana. The city has transformed from a small village to one of the most extensively built cities in the country in just a couple of decades, and the growth here shows no signs of slowing down. From business process outsourcing services to technological startups, Gurgaon houses hundreds of thousands of big and small companies. The hospitality sector of the state has also grown to accommodate the needs of international businessmen and travellers who frequently fly down to the national capital region for work.
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