SIKH RULE (1808-1846)
🔴 In 1808, Sardar Hukum Singh Chimmi annexed the Jammu region and the city became a part of
Lahore kingdom.
🟢Maharaja Ranjit Singh's son Kharak Singh received Jammu as to govern in 1812.
🟤 In this period, small rebellion groups headed by Mian emerged in Jammu against the Sikh rule.
🟠It was Gulab Singh who was able to crush the revolts led by Mian Deedo.
Rise of Gulab Singh
🟣Gulab Singh (born on 21st October, 1792) was a descendant of Ranjit Dev who ruled Jammu from 1733-1782.
🔴He entered Maharaja Ranjit Singh's military service and gave exceptional proof of his bravery and strategic planning.
⚫Gulab Singh won the battle of Chach Hazara. He devised a wise strategy under which he killed Mian Deedo in 1820 and suppressed the growing revolts against Sikh empire in Jammu. For this, he was awarded the title of Raja and was made the King of Jammu by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
🟪Gulab Singh with his strong military Chief Zorawar Singh established his control over all the neighbouring areas of Reasi, Rajouri, Poonch, Bandral, Kishtwar, Mankot and Chenani.
⚫ He got Jagir rights over far off places of Ladakh, Baltistan, Zanskar, Skardu, Dardistan and Nari (Western Tibet).
End of Sikh Rule from Jammu
⚪After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the Sikh rule weakened and then followed the Anglo-Sikh War in 1845-46 in which Sikhs were defeated.
🟠The war ended with the signing of Treaty of Lahore in 1846 by Maharaja Daleep Singh. Therefore in 1846, Sikh rule completely ended from Jammu region.
Gulab Singh emerged as a strong leader during the Anglo-Sikh War. He established the Dogra
dynasty in Jammu.
Dogra Dynasty (1846-1947)
The Dogra dynasty was formed in 1846 by Gulab Singh.
Formation of the Dynasty In 1822, Gulab Singh was coronated as Raja of Jammu. He maintained an independent army.
🟠On 15th March, 1846, Gulab Singh signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the Britishers.
According to the treaty, British East India Company recognised Gulab Singh as Maharaja.
⚫ They agreed to give all the hilly regions, East of River Indus and West of River Ravi
including Chamba to Gulab Singh. . In return, Gulab Singh paid 75 Lakh Nanak Shahi rupees to Britishers. This land i.e., East of River Indus and West of River Ravi was the valley of Kashmir. Therefore, this treaty was also called as Sale of Kashmir.
⚪After the purchase of Kashmir, Gulab Singh acclaimed the title of Maharaja of the lands of Jammu and Kashmir and established the Dogra dynasty which continued its rule for the next 100 years.
Rule of Gulab Singh
🟤Gulab Singh demarcated the boundaries of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 for the first time. He made Srinagar as his Summer capital and Jammu as his Winter capital.
🟢Gulab Singh divided the entire region into three cultural zones i.e. Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.
🟦Ladakh and Baltistan were also turned into one combined administrative unit. Leh was made as Summer capital and Askardu as Winter capital.
🟪Gulab Singh suppessed the revolts carried by Khakhas, Bombas and Galwanas successfully and restored peace in the region.
🟫 He established the Dogra Kingdom firmly and ended the rule of all minor local states.
🟩 He undertook economic reforms by reviving the Shawl Industry, incentives to weavers, reforming the Begar system and encouraging trade and commerce.
🟥He introduced rationing and restructured police and revenue system of the state. . He founded the Dharmarth Trust and a new town called Purmandal.
Important Rulers of Dogra Dynasty
Maharaja Ranbir Singh (1856-1885)
🟣Maharaja Ranbir Singh ascended the throne in 1857 and remained on the seat till 1885. He was the son of Maharaja Gulab Singh.
🟩He reorganised the judicial system, and setup three departments-revenue, civil and military. .He constructed Raghunath temple complex, Ranbiresh-Varam temple, setup Pathshalas and instituted post and telegraph services. Gilgit, Huza and Nagar regions were included in Dogra empire during this time.
Maharaja Pratap Singh (1885-1925)
🟫Maharaja Pratap Singh ascended the throne in 1885. He was the son of Maharaja Ranbir Singh.
✴ He built Jhelum valley road and completed Banihal cart road. He constructed a bridge on the Tawi river and linked Jammu with a railway line to Sialkot. He also dug two canals namely Ranbir canal and Pratap canal in Jammu and Kashmir.
🟩During his reign, Jammu and Kashmir got its first Hydro-Electric Project at Mohra. It is about 22.5 km from Baramulla towards Uri.
🔵For the cities of Jammu and Srinagar, Municipal committees were also formed. Britishers visited Kashmir in large numbers to enjoy its natural beauty.
They wanted to buy land to build houses in Jammu and Kashmir but permission was not granted by the Maharaja as he believed that only Indians should purchase land in India.
Maharaja Hari Singh (1925-49)
🔺️Maharaja Hari Singh ascended the throne in
1925. He was the nephew of Maharaja Pratap Singh
🔻He brought many reforms in the region like making primary education compulsory,
Introducing laws prohibiting child marriage and
Opening places of worship for the low castes.
⭕He setup the first Legislature of Jammu and Kashmir in 1934 under the Constitution Act of 1934.
⭕This Legislature consisted of the Council comprising of the Prime Minister and Ministers appointed by him and the Assembly comprising of 75 members known as 'Praja Sabha'. He also enacted the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in 1928.
⭕During his tenure, there emerged communal disputes that gave rise to discontent among people. Along with the rising of national movement, political unrest also started emerging. Muslim population demonstrated against Hari Singh.
⭕Maharaja Hari Singh was a popular ruler and remained in power till June 1947. He designated his son Karan Singh as his regent and after India's independence settled in Bombay.
⭕ He died in 1961. The Dogra rule ended in 1947 after the signing of the accession when Jammu and Kashmir was added to India.
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